Unit 1

 SIMPLE PAST

The simple past is a verb tense used to talk about actions, events, or situations that happened and finished at a specific moment in the past.

Purpose: To express facts or experiences that have already ended.

Used tO: *Narrate personal experiences.   *Tell stories or anecdotes.     *Talk about childhood memories. *Describe what life was like in the past.  *Relate historical events.

Affirmative sentences: Subject + verb in past + complement.

Example: I visited my grandmother last weekend.

Negative sentences: Subject + didn’t + verb + complement.

Example: I didn’t play soccer.

Interrogative sentences: Did + subject + verb + complement?

Example: Did you play yesterday?

What I used to do when I was a child

One of the most common ways to practice the simple past is by talking about childhood memories and the activities we used to do.

Example: I rode my bicycle in the park.

What life was like when we were children

The simple past is also used to describe customs, activities, and ways of life during childhood.

Examples: *We played outside every afternoon.   *We didn’t use smartphones.

PRESENT PERFECT

He present perfect is a verb tense that connects the past with the present.

Purpose: To express actions that started in the past and continue in the present, or that have relevance in the present.

Structure: Subject + auxiliary verb (have/has) + past participle + complement.

Examples: *I have studied English.     *She has finished her project.

Affirmative sentences: Subject + have/has + past participle + complement.

Examples: I have finished my homework.

Negative sentences: Subject + have/has + not + past participle + complement.

Examples: I haven’t finished my homework.

Interrogative sentences: Have/Has + subject + past participle + complement?

Examples: Have you finished your homework?

Affirmative answers: *Yes, I have. *Yes, she has. *Yes, they have.

Negative answers: *No, I haven’t. *No, he hasn’t. *No, we haven’t.

PAST PARTICIPLE

The past participle is the form of the verb used to form perfect tenses, the passive voice, and in some cases, it functions as an adjective.

Purpose: To express completed actions, experiences, or results that are related to another moment in time.

Structure: Subject + auxiliary verb (have/has/had) + past participle + complement.

Examples: *I have visited Mexico.   *She has finished her project. 

Positive sentences: Subject + have/has/had + past participle + complement.
Example: She has finished her homework.

Negative sentences: Subject + have/has/had + not + past participle + complement.
Example: She has not finished her homework.

Interrogative sentences: Have/Has/Had + subject + past participle + complement?
Example: Has she finished her homework?

FUTURE SIMPLE

The future simple is a verb tense used to talk about actions, decisions, predictions, or plans that will happen in the future.

Purpose: To express future actions, predictions, promises, and spontaneous decisions.

Structure: Subject + will + base verb + complement.

Affirmative sentences: Subject + will + base verb + complement.
Example: I will study English tomorrow.

Negative sentences: Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb + complement.
Example: I will not (won’t) go to the party.

Interrogative sentences: Will + subject + base verb + complement?
Example: Will you travel next year?

In summary, these three tenses form the backbone of the language. While the past marks the completion of an experience, the present defines who we are and what we do regularly, and the future allows us to outline what is yet to come.